<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
<head>
<!-- 2025-04-02 Wed 23:33 -->
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=utf-8" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" />
<title>Methods of installing software in QubesOS with Saltstack</title>
<meta name="generator" content="Org Mode" />
<style type="text/css">
#content { max-width: 60em; margin: auto; }
.title { text-align: center;
margin-bottom: .2em; }
.subtitle { text-align: center;
font-size: medium;
font-weight: bold;
margin-top:0; }
.todo { font-family: monospace; color: red; }
.done { font-family: monospace; color: green; }
.priority { font-family: monospace; color: orange; }
.tag { background-color: #eee; font-family: monospace;
padding: 2px; font-size: 80%; font-weight: normal; }
.timestamp { color: #bebebe; }
.timestamp-kwd { color: #5f9ea0; }
.org-right { margin-left: auto; margin-right: 0px; text-align: right; }
.org-left { margin-left: 0px; margin-right: auto; text-align: left; }
.org-center { margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center; }
.underline { text-decoration: underline; }
#postamble p, #preamble p { font-size: 90%; margin: .2em; }
p.verse { margin-left: 3%; }
pre {
border: 1px solid #e6e6e6;
border-radius: 3px;
background-color: #f2f2f2;
padding: 8pt;
font-family: monospace;
overflow: auto;
margin: 1.2em;
}
pre.src {
position: relative;
overflow: auto;
}
pre.src:before {
display: none;
position: absolute;
top: -8px;
right: 12px;
padding: 3px;
color: #555;
background-color: #f2f2f299;
}
pre.src:hover:before { display: inline; margin-top: 14px;}
/* Languages per Org manual */
pre.src-asymptote:before { content: 'Asymptote'; }
pre.src-awk:before { content: 'Awk'; }
pre.src-authinfo::before { content: 'Authinfo'; }
pre.src-C:before { content: 'C'; }
/* pre.src-C++ doesn't work in CSS */
pre.src-clojure:before { content: 'Clojure'; }
pre.src-css:before { content: 'CSS'; }
pre.src-D:before { content: 'D'; }
pre.src-ditaa:before { content: 'ditaa'; }
pre.src-dot:before { content: 'Graphviz'; }
pre.src-calc:before { content: 'Emacs Calc'; }
pre.src-emacs-lisp:before { content: 'Emacs Lisp'; }
pre.src-fortran:before { content: 'Fortran'; }
pre.src-gnuplot:before { content: 'gnuplot'; }
pre.src-haskell:before { content: 'Haskell'; }
pre.src-hledger:before { content: 'hledger'; }
pre.src-java:before { content: 'Java'; }
pre.src-js:before { content: 'Javascript'; }
pre.src-latex:before { content: 'LaTeX'; }
pre.src-ledger:before { content: 'Ledger'; }
pre.src-lisp:before { content: 'Lisp'; }
pre.src-lilypond:before { content: 'Lilypond'; }
pre.src-lua:before { content: 'Lua'; }
pre.src-matlab:before { content: 'MATLAB'; }
pre.src-mscgen:before { content: 'Mscgen'; }
pre.src-ocaml:before { content: 'Objective Caml'; }
pre.src-octave:before { content: 'Octave'; }
pre.src-org:before { content: 'Org mode'; }
pre.src-oz:before { content: 'OZ'; }
pre.src-plantuml:before { content: 'Plantuml'; }
pre.src-processing:before { content: 'Processing.js'; }
pre.src-python:before { content: 'Python'; }
pre.src-R:before { content: 'R'; }
pre.src-ruby:before { content: 'Ruby'; }
pre.src-sass:before { content: 'Sass'; }
pre.src-scheme:before { content: 'Scheme'; }
pre.src-screen:before { content: 'Gnu Screen'; }
pre.src-sed:before { content: 'Sed'; }
pre.src-sh:before { content: 'shell'; }
pre.src-sql:before { content: 'SQL'; }
pre.src-sqlite:before { content: 'SQLite'; }
/* additional languages in org.el's org-babel-load-languages alist */
pre.src-forth:before { content: 'Forth'; }
pre.src-io:before { content: 'IO'; }
pre.src-J:before { content: 'J'; }
pre.src-makefile:before { content: 'Makefile'; }
pre.src-maxima:before { content: 'Maxima'; }
pre.src-perl:before { content: 'Perl'; }
pre.src-picolisp:before { content: 'Pico Lisp'; }
pre.src-scala:before { content: 'Scala'; }
pre.src-shell:before { content: 'Shell Script'; }
pre.src-ebnf2ps:before { content: 'ebfn2ps'; }
/* additional language identifiers per "defun org-babel-execute"
in ob-*.el */
pre.src-cpp:before { content: 'C++'; }
pre.src-abc:before { content: 'ABC'; }
pre.src-coq:before { content: 'Coq'; }
pre.src-groovy:before { content: 'Groovy'; }
/* additional language identifiers from org-babel-shell-names in
ob-shell.el: ob-shell is the only babel language using a lambda to put
the execution function name together. */
pre.src-bash:before { content: 'bash'; }
pre.src-csh:before { content: 'csh'; }
pre.src-ash:before { content: 'ash'; }
pre.src-dash:before { content: 'dash'; }
pre.src-ksh:before { content: 'ksh'; }
pre.src-mksh:before { content: 'mksh'; }
pre.src-posh:before { content: 'posh'; }
/* Additional Emacs modes also supported by the LaTeX listings package */
pre.src-ada:before { content: 'Ada'; }
pre.src-asm:before { content: 'Assembler'; }
pre.src-caml:before { content: 'Caml'; }
pre.src-delphi:before { content: 'Delphi'; }
pre.src-html:before { content: 'HTML'; }
pre.src-idl:before { content: 'IDL'; }
pre.src-mercury:before { content: 'Mercury'; }
pre.src-metapost:before { content: 'MetaPost'; }
pre.src-modula-2:before { content: 'Modula-2'; }
pre.src-pascal:before { content: 'Pascal'; }
pre.src-ps:before { content: 'PostScript'; }
pre.src-prolog:before { content: 'Prolog'; }
pre.src-simula:before { content: 'Simula'; }
pre.src-tcl:before { content: 'tcl'; }
pre.src-tex:before { content: 'TeX'; }
pre.src-plain-tex:before { content: 'Plain TeX'; }
pre.src-verilog:before { content: 'Verilog'; }
pre.src-vhdl:before { content: 'VHDL'; }
pre.src-xml:before { content: 'XML'; }
pre.src-nxml:before { content: 'XML'; }
/* add a generic configuration mode; LaTeX export needs an additional
(add-to-list 'org-latex-listings-langs '(conf " ")) in .emacs */
pre.src-conf:before { content: 'Configuration File'; }
table { border-collapse:collapse; }
caption.t-above { caption-side: top; }
caption.t-bottom { caption-side: bottom; }
td, th { vertical-align:top; }
th.org-right { text-align: center; }
th.org-left { text-align: center; }
th.org-center { text-align: center; }
td.org-right { text-align: right; }
td.org-left { text-align: left; }
td.org-center { text-align: center; }
dt { font-weight: bold; }
.footpara { display: inline; }
.footdef { margin-bottom: 1em; }
.figure { padding: 1em; }
.figure p { text-align: center; }
.equation-container {
display: table;
text-align: center;
width: 100%;
}
.equation {
vertical-align: middle;
}
.equation-label {
display: table-cell;
text-align: right;
vertical-align: middle;
}
.inlinetask {
padding: 10px;
border: 2px solid gray;
margin: 10px;
background: #ffffcc;
}
#org-div-home-and-up
{ text-align: right; font-size: 70%; white-space: nowrap; }
textarea { overflow-x: auto; }
.linenr { font-size: smaller }
.code-highlighted { background-color: #ffff00; }
.org-info-js_info-navigation { border-style: none; }
#org-info-js_console-label
{ font-size: 10px; font-weight: bold; white-space: nowrap; }
.org-info-js_search-highlight
{ background-color: #ffff00; color: #000000; font-weight: bold; }
.org-svg { }
</style>
<style>*{font-family: sans-serif !important}</style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="content" class="content">
<h1 class="title">Methods of installing software in QubesOS with Saltstack</h1>
<div id="outline-container-orge043794" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="orge043794">Intro</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-orge043794">
<p>
Here are some various methods of installing software that I’ve used in my personal salt configuration
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org7b32e62" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="org7b32e62">pkg.installed</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-org7b32e62">
<p>
Here’s <code>/srv/user_salt/pkgs/accounting.sls</code> as an example. It uses the simplest way of installing programs, which is just listing them under <code>pkg.installed</code> which pulls them from your distros main repositories. This is the most preferable way to install software if it’s available.
</p>
<div class="org-src-container">
<pre class="src src-salt"><span style="color: #928374;"># </span><span style="color: #928374;">Install accounting tools</span>
<span style="color: #d3869b;">accounting--install-apps</span>:
<span style="color: #b8bb26;">pkg.installed</span>:
- <span style="color: #83a598;">pkgs</span>:
- hledger <span style="color: #928374;"># </span><span style="color: #928374;">Command-line plain text accounting</span>
- gnucash <span style="color: #928374;"># </span><span style="color: #928374;">Graphical GNU accounting suite</span>
</pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgecb0904" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="orgecb0904">move a binary file into /usr/bin</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-orgecb0904">
<p>
Here’s <code>/srv/user_salt/pkgs/st.sls</code> as an example. It takes a binary file that’s part of this salt repository, and moves it into the ~/usr/bin/ directory in a qube.
</p>
<div class="org-src-container">
<pre class="src src-salt"><span style="color: #928374;"># </span><span style="color: #928374;">Installs my build of st terminal</span>
<span style="color: #d3869b;">/usr/bin/st</span>:
<span style="color: #b8bb26;">file.managed</span>:
- <span style="color: #83a598;">source</span>: <span style="color: #fe8019;">salt://</span>pkgs/bin/st.bin
- <span style="color: #83a598;">user</span>: root
- <span style="color: #83a598;">group</span>: root
- <span style="color: #83a598;">mode</span>: 777
</pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-orgbb11ba1" class="outline-2">
<h2 id="orgbb11ba1">Install from third-party repo with a script</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-orgbb11ba1">
<p>
Here’s <code>/srv/user_salt/pkgs/signal.sls</code> as an example. It starts by installing some dependencies using the most common <code>pkg.installed</code> method, then moves an install script <code>/srv/user_salt/pkgs/install-scripts/signal-repo.sh</code> into a qube and executes it to install the Signal messenger.
</p>
<div class="org-src-container">
<pre class="src src-salt"><span style="color: #928374;">...</span>
<span style="color: #d3869b;">signal--repo-script</span>:
<span style="color: #b8bb26;">file.managed</span>: <span style="color: #928374;"># </span><span style="color: #928374;">file.managed lets you place files from your salt repo into qubes</span>
- <span style="color: #fe8019;">name</span>: /usr/bin/install-repo <span style="color: #928374;"># </span><span style="color: #928374;">this is where the installation script is placed</span>
- <span style="color: #83a598;">source</span>: <span style="color: #fe8019;">salt://</span>pkgs/install-scripts/signal-repo.sh <span style="color: #928374;"># </span><span style="color: #928374;">This is where the installation script was sourced</span>
- <span style="color: #83a598;">user</span>: root <span style="color: #928374;"># </span><span style="color: #928374;">sets the owner of the file, you can usually default to root</span>
- <span style="color: #83a598;">group</span>: root <span style="color: #928374;"># </span><span style="color: #928374;">sets the group of the file, you can usually default to root</span>
- <span style="color: #83a598;">mode</span>: 777 <span style="color: #928374;"># </span><span style="color: #928374;">sets the permissions of the file, you can usually default to 777 (any user on the qube has permissions)</span>
<span style="color: #928374;"># </span><span style="color: #928374;">This simply executes the install-repo script in a qube</span>
<span style="color: #b8bb26;">'install-repo'</span>:
<span style="color: #b8bb26;">cmd.run</span>
</pre>
</div>
<p>
Here’s the installation script that’s ran:
</p>
</div>
<div id="outline-container-org1b7a6da" class="outline-3">
<h3 id="org1b7a6da"><code>/srv/user_salt/pkgs/install-scripts/signal-repo.sh</code></h3>
<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-org1b7a6da">
<div class="org-src-container">
<pre class="src src-bash"><span style="color: #928374;"># </span><span style="color: #928374;">Retrieves Signal's key for verifying the package</span>
<span style="color: #928374;"># </span><span style="color: #928374;">The request is proxied through 127.0.0.1:8082 to allow the template qube to access the internet</span>
<span style="color: #fabd2f;">sudo</span> <span style="color: #fabd2f;">curl</span> --proxy 127.0.0.1:8082 -s https://updates.signal.org/desktop/apt/keys.asc | gpg --dearmor | <span style="color: #fabd2f;">sudo</span> tee -a /usr/share/keyrings/signal-desktop-keyring.gpg > /dev/null
<span style="color: #928374;"># </span><span style="color: #928374;">Defines Signal's repo in /etc/apt/sources.list.d/</span>
<span style="color: #fabd2f;">echo</span> <span style="color: #b8bb26;">'deb [arch=amd64 signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/signal-desktop-keyring.gpg] https://updates.signal.org/desktop/apt xenial main'</span> | tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/signal-xenial.list
<span style="color: #928374;"># </span><span style="color: #928374;">Updates packages and installs signal-desktop through the newly configured repository</span>
<span style="color: #fabd2f;">sudo</span> apt update
<span style="color: #fabd2f;">sudo</span> apt install signal-desktop -y
</pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="postamble" class="status">
<p class="date">Created: 2025-04-02 Wed 23:33</p>
</div>
</body>
</html>